1 December 28, 2020
Articles
1. Olawale F. Akinyele, Emmanuel G. Fakola, Oluwatoba E. Oyeneyin, Omolara O. Adeboye, Ayowole O. Ayeni, Justinah S. Amoko, Temitope A. Ajayeoba
Molecular Docking Study of Primaquine-Favipiravir Based Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of COVID-19 Main Protease
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2020, 7(1): 3-15.
Number of views: 506 Download in PDF
2. Iliyasu A.A. Ibrahim, Labaran A. MagashiEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2020, 7(1): 3-15.
Abstract:
The continuous search for drugs that can combat COVID-19 virus is very important in a bid to save lives and address failing economies. Schiff bases and amide compounds derived from the fusion of primaquine (a 4-aminoqinoline antimalarial) and favipiravir are hereby reported because of suitable synthetic approaches and are investigated for their potential as drug candidates against the virus. The molecular docking results using iGEMDOCK and LeDock showed that the compounds had better interaction with the protease protein of the coronavirus (6LU7) as they displayed better scores than the standard drugs used in the study (chloroquine and favipiravir). The high binding affinity could be as a result of the fusion of both drug candidates. The docking results were analyzed using Discovery Studio and PyMOL. The druglikeness showed that they qualify as oral drug candidates, hence these compounds could serve as potential inhibitors of COVID-19, subject to further clinical and pre-clinical probes.
The continuous search for drugs that can combat COVID-19 virus is very important in a bid to save lives and address failing economies. Schiff bases and amide compounds derived from the fusion of primaquine (a 4-aminoqinoline antimalarial) and favipiravir are hereby reported because of suitable synthetic approaches and are investigated for their potential as drug candidates against the virus. The molecular docking results using iGEMDOCK and LeDock showed that the compounds had better interaction with the protease protein of the coronavirus (6LU7) as they displayed better scores than the standard drugs used in the study (chloroquine and favipiravir). The high binding affinity could be as a result of the fusion of both drug candidates. The docking results were analyzed using Discovery Studio and PyMOL. The druglikeness showed that they qualify as oral drug candidates, hence these compounds could serve as potential inhibitors of COVID-19, subject to further clinical and pre-clinical probes.
Number of views: 506 Download in PDF
Biochemical Effects of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Abeere (Hunteria Umbellata) on Liver Enzymes of Albino Rats
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2020, 7(1): 16-19.
Number of views: 485 Download in PDF
3. H.A. Shindy, M.A. El-Maghraby, F.M. EissaEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2020, 7(1): 16-19.
Abstract:
The research was conducted to ascertain the hepatotoxic potentials of the leaves extract of Hunteria umbellata on liver enzymes of apparently healthy albino rats. A total of sixteen (16) albino rats were clustered into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each designated as group A – D, Group A served as control while groups B, C and D were treated with 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg aqueous leaves of extract of Hunteria umbellata respectively for a period of two weeks. The liver enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The results show a significant increase (P < 0.05) of serum AST activity at all doses. A similar trend was seen in the activity of serum ALP where a significant decrease was observed (P < 0.05) at all doses. There was a continuous decrease in the activity of serum ALT as the dose was increased but the increase was not significant (P < 0.05). The extract appears to have significant effects (P < 0.05) on serum AST, ALP activity but exhibited no significant effects on serum ALT and the Albumin concentration when compared with control rats. In conclusion, acute oral administration of the extracts was found to be quite toxic relatively safe at a low brought alteration in the serum AST and ALP activity but appears to have no significant effect on serum ALT activity.
The research was conducted to ascertain the hepatotoxic potentials of the leaves extract of Hunteria umbellata on liver enzymes of apparently healthy albino rats. A total of sixteen (16) albino rats were clustered into four (4) groups of four (4) rats each designated as group A – D, Group A served as control while groups B, C and D were treated with 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg aqueous leaves of extract of Hunteria umbellata respectively for a period of two weeks. The liver enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The results show a significant increase (P < 0.05) of serum AST activity at all doses. A similar trend was seen in the activity of serum ALP where a significant decrease was observed (P < 0.05) at all doses. There was a continuous decrease in the activity of serum ALT as the dose was increased but the increase was not significant (P < 0.05). The extract appears to have significant effects (P < 0.05) on serum AST, ALP activity but exhibited no significant effects on serum ALT and the Albumin concentration when compared with control rats. In conclusion, acute oral administration of the extracts was found to be quite toxic relatively safe at a low brought alteration in the serum AST and ALP activity but appears to have no significant effect on serum ALT activity.
Number of views: 485 Download in PDF
Solvatochromic and Halochromic Evaluation of Some Biheterocyclic Cyanine Dyes
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2020, 7(1): 20-36.
Number of views: 474 Download in PDF
4. European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2020, 7(1): 20-36.
Abstract:
In the present study, the electronic absorption spectra of some biheterocyclic cyanine dyes having furan and pyrazole nucleus was recorded and investigated in a number of 6 (six) pure solvents having different polarities [water (78.54), D.M.F (36.70), ethanol (24.3), chloroform (4.806), CC14 (2.238) and dioxane (2.209)], mixed solvents [DMF-H2O] and/or in a series of 8 (eight) aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values [1.65, 2.32, 4.62, 5.85, 6.41, 7.82, 9.61 and 11.63 units] to evaluate their solvatochromic and/or halochromic properties, respectively. The dyes were thought to be better solvatochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. Consequently, the solvatochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. In addition, the dyes were thought to be better halochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. Consequently, the halochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. The study covers two different types of cyanine dyes. It includes, bis dimethine cyanine dyes and di-tri mixed methine cyanine dyes.
In the present study, the electronic absorption spectra of some biheterocyclic cyanine dyes having furan and pyrazole nucleus was recorded and investigated in a number of 6 (six) pure solvents having different polarities [water (78.54), D.M.F (36.70), ethanol (24.3), chloroform (4.806), CC14 (2.238) and dioxane (2.209)], mixed solvents [DMF-H2O] and/or in a series of 8 (eight) aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values [1.65, 2.32, 4.62, 5.85, 6.41, 7.82, 9.61 and 11.63 units] to evaluate their solvatochromic and/or halochromic properties, respectively. The dyes were thought to be better solvatochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. Consequently, the solvatochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative solvatochromism in pure solvents having different polarities. In addition, the dyes were thought to be better halochromic dyes when they give strong positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. Consequently, the halochromic of the dyes decrease when they give weak positive and/or negative halochromism in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values. The study covers two different types of cyanine dyes. It includes, bis dimethine cyanine dyes and di-tri mixed methine cyanine dyes.
Number of views: 474 Download in PDF