1 March 11, 2015
1. Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Hugo Niggli, Christos Drossinakis, Georg Tyminski
Methods For Registering Non-Ionizing Radiation Emitted From The Human Body
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 4-24.
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2. Oleg Mosin, Ignat IgnatovEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 4-24.
Abstract:
This paper presents the results of evaluation of possible biophysical methods and approaches for registering of various non-ionizing radiation (NIR) wave types of the human body in the optic and electromagnetic range. Various types of NIR (electromagnetic waves, infrared radiation, thermo radiation, bioluminiscence) emitted from the human body were reviewed. In particular the results on of spontaneous biophoton emission and delayed luminescence from the human body are submitted along with infrared thermography (IRT) results. It was shown that 1 cm2 of skin generally emits 85 photons for 1 s. The intensity of biophoton emission ranges from 10−19 to 10−16 W/cm2 (approx. 1–1000 photons.cm-2.s-1). The specific photon emission from part of the human thumb was detected as a spectrum of various colours with the method of Colour coronal spectral analysis on a device with an electrode made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET hostaphan) with applied electric voltage 15 kV, electric impulse duration 10 s, and electric current frequency 15 kHz. It was established that photons corresponding to a red color emission of visible electromagnetic spectrum have energy at 1,82 еV. The orange color of visible electromagnetic spectrum has energy at 2,05 eV, yellow – 2,14 eV, blue-green (cyan) – 2,43 eV, blue – 2,64 eV, and violet – 3,03 eV. The reliable result measurement norm was at E ≥ 2,53 eV, while the spectral range of the emission was within = 380–495±5 nm and = 570–750±5 nm. Also were estimated some important physical characteristics (energy of hydrogen bonds, wetting angle, surface tension) of water by the methods of non-equilibrium energy (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy (DNES) spectrum of water, that helps understand in general how electromagnetic radiation interacts with water and establish the structural characteristics of water.
This paper presents the results of evaluation of possible biophysical methods and approaches for registering of various non-ionizing radiation (NIR) wave types of the human body in the optic and electromagnetic range. Various types of NIR (electromagnetic waves, infrared radiation, thermo radiation, bioluminiscence) emitted from the human body were reviewed. In particular the results on of spontaneous biophoton emission and delayed luminescence from the human body are submitted along with infrared thermography (IRT) results. It was shown that 1 cm2 of skin generally emits 85 photons for 1 s. The intensity of biophoton emission ranges from 10−19 to 10−16 W/cm2 (approx. 1–1000 photons.cm-2.s-1). The specific photon emission from part of the human thumb was detected as a spectrum of various colours with the method of Colour coronal spectral analysis on a device with an electrode made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET hostaphan) with applied electric voltage 15 kV, electric impulse duration 10 s, and electric current frequency 15 kHz. It was established that photons corresponding to a red color emission of visible electromagnetic spectrum have energy at 1,82 еV. The orange color of visible electromagnetic spectrum has energy at 2,05 eV, yellow – 2,14 eV, blue-green (cyan) – 2,43 eV, blue – 2,64 eV, and violet – 3,03 eV. The reliable result measurement norm was at E ≥ 2,53 eV, while the spectral range of the emission was within = 380–495±5 nm and = 570–750±5 nm. Also were estimated some important physical characteristics (energy of hydrogen bonds, wetting angle, surface tension) of water by the methods of non-equilibrium energy (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy (DNES) spectrum of water, that helps understand in general how electromagnetic radiation interacts with water and establish the structural characteristics of water.
Number of views: 2684 Download in PDF
Studying of Isotopic Effects of Deuterium in Biological Objects
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 25-42.
Number of views: 3150 Download in PDF
3. N. Radhakrishna, C. Viswanatha, K. Ramakrishna Reddy, N. DevannaEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 25-42.
Abstract:
This article describes the data on isotopic effects of deuterium in various biological objects as the cells of methylotrophic, chemoheterotrophic, photoorganotrophic microorganisms, green algae as well as animal cells. It was demonstrated that the increased content of deuterium in water leads to physiological, morphological and cytology alterations of the cell, and also renders negative influence on cellular metabolism, while deuterium depleted water (DDW) with decreased deuterium content on 20–30 % exerts beneficial effects on organism. The maximum kinetic isotopic effect measured at ordinary temperatures in chemical reactions leading to rupture of bonds involving hydrogen and deuterium lies in the range kH/kD = 6–8 for C–H versus C–D, N–D versus N–D, and O–H versus O–D-bonds. By IR-spectroscopy method water samples with varying content of deuterium were investigated.
This article describes the data on isotopic effects of deuterium in various biological objects as the cells of methylotrophic, chemoheterotrophic, photoorganotrophic microorganisms, green algae as well as animal cells. It was demonstrated that the increased content of deuterium in water leads to physiological, morphological and cytology alterations of the cell, and also renders negative influence on cellular metabolism, while deuterium depleted water (DDW) with decreased deuterium content on 20–30 % exerts beneficial effects on organism. The maximum kinetic isotopic effect measured at ordinary temperatures in chemical reactions leading to rupture of bonds involving hydrogen and deuterium lies in the range kH/kD = 6–8 for C–H versus C–D, N–D versus N–D, and O–H versus O–D-bonds. By IR-spectroscopy method water samples with varying content of deuterium were investigated.
Number of views: 3150 Download in PDF
A Sensitive and Selective Chromogenic Organic Reagent 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (HDMBHBH) for the Direct and Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Lead (II)
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 43-50.
Number of views: 2457 Download in PDF
4. Stanislav S. Tulenin, Vyacheslav F. Markov, Larisa N. Maskaeva, Mikhail V. KuznetsovEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 43-50.
Abstract:
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (HDMBHBH) is used as a novel chromogenic organic reagent for the determination of Lead (II) using spectrophotometry. The novel chromogenic organic reagent 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (HDMBHBH) gave yellow coloured water soluble complex with Pb (II) in basic buffer (pH = 10.0) medium. The colour complex shows maximum absorbance at 386 nm. The system obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.518–5.18g/ml. The optimum Lead (II) concentration range for accurate determination as evaluated from Ringbom plot was 1.036–4.662 g/ml. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.66104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.0077 g/cm2 respectively. The Lead (II) forms I:I colour complex with HDMBHBH and stability constant of the complex was found to be 3.42106. The present developed method was successfully applied for the determination of Lead (II) in biological samples.
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (HDMBHBH) is used as a novel chromogenic organic reagent for the determination of Lead (II) using spectrophotometry. The novel chromogenic organic reagent 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy benzaldehyde-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (HDMBHBH) gave yellow coloured water soluble complex with Pb (II) in basic buffer (pH = 10.0) medium. The colour complex shows maximum absorbance at 386 nm. The system obeyed beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.518–5.18g/ml. The optimum Lead (II) concentration range for accurate determination as evaluated from Ringbom plot was 1.036–4.662 g/ml. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.66104 L.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.0077 g/cm2 respectively. The Lead (II) forms I:I colour complex with HDMBHBH and stability constant of the complex was found to be 3.42106. The present developed method was successfully applied for the determination of Lead (II) in biological samples.
Number of views: 2457 Download in PDF
Chemical bath deposition of In2S3 thin films
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 51-55.
Number of views: 2443 Download in PDF
5. Nina V. Zarubina, Ivan V. Zarubin, Larisa N. Maskaeva, Vyacheslav F. MarkovEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 51-55.
Abstract:
In2S3 thin films were grown by means chemical bath deposition from acid solution. Calculation of ionic equilibrium with using of thermodynamic constants for systems defines boundary conditions of formation In2S3. Films were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, EDX and XPS methods. According to XRD films have cubic structure of In2S3. XPS method was shown that the surface of In2S3 thin film includes oxygen and carbon contained impurities. SEM confirmed nanosized nature of thin films. Optical band gap of indium(III) sulfide equal to 2.3 eV.
In2S3 thin films were grown by means chemical bath deposition from acid solution. Calculation of ionic equilibrium with using of thermodynamic constants for systems defines boundary conditions of formation In2S3. Films were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, EDX and XPS methods. According to XRD films have cubic structure of In2S3. XPS method was shown that the surface of In2S3 thin film includes oxygen and carbon contained impurities. SEM confirmed nanosized nature of thin films. Optical band gap of indium(III) sulfide equal to 2.3 eV.
Number of views: 2443 Download in PDF
Composition, Structure, Morphology of thin Films Produced by Hydrochemical Deposition in PbSe-CdSe System
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 56-68.
Number of views: 2510 Download in PDF
6. European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(3), Is. 1, pp. 56-68.
Abstract:
The area of co-precipitation of lead and cadmium selenide in the reaction system “Pb(CH3COO)2 − CdCl2 − Na3C6H5O7 − NH4OH − CSeN2H4” was calculated taking into account the critical nucleus. Thin films of supersaturated solid solutions CdxPb1−xSe having the cubic structure B1 (NaCl) have been produced by hydrochemical co-deposition of lead and cadmium selenide. The patterns of formation of solid solutions CdxPb1−xSe and the kinetics of their growth depending on the composition of the reaction mixture have been determined. The structure, composition and morphology of PbSe-CdSe thin films were investigated by methods of X-ray energy dispersive analysis and electron microscopic studies.
The area of co-precipitation of lead and cadmium selenide in the reaction system “Pb(CH3COO)2 − CdCl2 − Na3C6H5O7 − NH4OH − CSeN2H4” was calculated taking into account the critical nucleus. Thin films of supersaturated solid solutions CdxPb1−xSe having the cubic structure B1 (NaCl) have been produced by hydrochemical co-deposition of lead and cadmium selenide. The patterns of formation of solid solutions CdxPb1−xSe and the kinetics of their growth depending on the composition of the reaction mixture have been determined. The structure, composition and morphology of PbSe-CdSe thin films were investigated by methods of X-ray energy dispersive analysis and electron microscopic studies.
Number of views: 2510 Download in PDF