2 June 09, 2015
1. Ignat Ignatov, Oleg Mosin, Georgi Gluhchev, Stoil Karadzhov, Georgi Miloshev, Nikolay Ivanov
The Evaluation of the Mathematical Model of Interaction of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Anolyte and Catholyte) with Water
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 72-86.
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2. Oleg Mosin, Ignat IgnatovEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 72-86.
Abstract:
This paper deals with the evaluation of the basis of the mathematical model of interaction of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte), obtained in the diaphragm electrolysis cell, with water and sodium chloride and the basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water as well. In order to provide additional data about the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds in the electrochemically activated water solutions of the catholyte and the anolyte, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of the anolyte and the catholyte were measured as a result of which were established the basis for evaluation of the mathematical model explaining the behavior of the anolyte and the catholyte regarding the distribution of H2O molecules to the energies of hydrogen bonds. The local maximum for catholyte in the NES-spectrum was at -0,1285 eV, for anolyte – at -0,1227 eV and for the control sample of deionized water – at -0,1245 eV. The calculations of ∆EH...O for catholyte with using the DNES method compiles (-0,004±0,0011 eV) and for anolyte (+1,8±0,0011 eV). The average energy of hydrogen bonds between Н2О molecules was measured by the DNES method to be compiled at -0,1067±0,0011 eV.
This paper deals with the evaluation of the basis of the mathematical model of interaction of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte), obtained in the diaphragm electrolysis cell, with water and sodium chloride and the basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water as well. In order to provide additional data about the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds in the electrochemically activated water solutions of the catholyte and the anolyte, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and differential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of the anolyte and the catholyte were measured as a result of which were established the basis for evaluation of the mathematical model explaining the behavior of the anolyte and the catholyte regarding the distribution of H2O molecules to the energies of hydrogen bonds. The local maximum for catholyte in the NES-spectrum was at -0,1285 eV, for anolyte – at -0,1227 eV and for the control sample of deionized water – at -0,1245 eV. The calculations of ∆EH...O for catholyte with using the DNES method compiles (-0,004±0,0011 eV) and for anolyte (+1,8±0,0011 eV). The average energy of hydrogen bonds between Н2О molecules was measured by the DNES method to be compiled at -0,1067±0,0011 eV.
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Deuterated Methylotrophic Biomass as a Substrate for Microbiological Synthesis of 2H-Labeled Purine Ribonucleoside Inosine by Chemoheterotrophic Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis B-3157
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 87-103.
Number of views: 2315 Download in PDF
3. B.N. Nagalaxmi, C. Viswanatha, K. Ramakrishna Reddy, K.B. Chandrasekhar, N. DonappaEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 87-103.
Abstract:
We propose to use the hydrolyzed deuterated biomass of the facultative methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 as a source of 2H-labeled growth substrates for microbiological synthesis of 2H-labeled purine ribonucleoside inosine, excreted into the liquid microbial culture (LC) by a Gram-positive chemoheterotrophic bacterium Bacillus subtilis B-3157. The bacterium was grown on heavy water (HW) medium with 2% (v/v) hydrolysate of deuterated biomass of the methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 obtained on minimal salt media M9 supplemented with 2% (v/v) [2H]methanol and increasing gradient of 2Н2O concentration from 0; 24,5; 49,0; 73,5 up to 98% (v/v) 2Н2O. Isolation of 2H-labeled inosine from LC was performed by adsorption/desorption on activated carbon with following extraction by 0,3 M ammonium–formate buffer (pH = 8,9), crystallization in 80% (v/v) EtOH, and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) on a column with AG50WX 4 cation exchange resin equilibrated with 0,3 M ammonium–formate buffer and 0,045 M NH4Cl. The investigation of deuterium incorporation into the inosine molecule by FAB method demonstrated incorporation of 5 deuterium atoms into the molecule (the total level of deuterium enrichment – 65,5 atom% 2H) with 3 deuterium atoms being included into the ribose and 2 deuterium atoms – into the hypoxanthine residue of the molecule.
We propose to use the hydrolyzed deuterated biomass of the facultative methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 as a source of 2H-labeled growth substrates for microbiological synthesis of 2H-labeled purine ribonucleoside inosine, excreted into the liquid microbial culture (LC) by a Gram-positive chemoheterotrophic bacterium Bacillus subtilis B-3157. The bacterium was grown on heavy water (HW) medium with 2% (v/v) hydrolysate of deuterated biomass of the methylotrophic bacterium Brevibacterium methylicum B-5662 obtained on minimal salt media M9 supplemented with 2% (v/v) [2H]methanol and increasing gradient of 2Н2O concentration from 0; 24,5; 49,0; 73,5 up to 98% (v/v) 2Н2O. Isolation of 2H-labeled inosine from LC was performed by adsorption/desorption on activated carbon with following extraction by 0,3 M ammonium–formate buffer (pH = 8,9), crystallization in 80% (v/v) EtOH, and ion exchange chromatography (IEC) on a column with AG50WX 4 cation exchange resin equilibrated with 0,3 M ammonium–formate buffer and 0,045 M NH4Cl. The investigation of deuterium incorporation into the inosine molecule by FAB method demonstrated incorporation of 5 deuterium atoms into the molecule (the total level of deuterium enrichment – 65,5 atom% 2H) with 3 deuterium atoms being included into the ribose and 2 deuterium atoms – into the hypoxanthine residue of the molecule.
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Determination of Trace Amount of Cd (II) by using a Chromogenic reagent Diacetylmonoxime-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (DMAHBH) with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 104-111.
Number of views: 2642 Download in PDF
4. Anna I. Shemyakina, Ragneta Kh. Saryeva, Larisa N. Maskaeva, Vyacheslav F. MarkovEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 104-111.
Abstract:
Diacetylmonoxime-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (DMAHBH) is used as a novel chromogenic organic reagent for the determination of Cadmium (II) with spectrophotometer. The novel chromogenic organic reagent - diacetylmonoxime-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (DMAHBH) gave yellow colored water soluble complex with Cd (II) in buffer (pH = 8.0-9.0) medium. The color complex shows maximum absorbance at λ = 378 nm. The system obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.5035-5.0535 g/ml. The optimum Cadmium (II) concentration range for accurate determination as evaluated from Ringbom plot was 0.5035-5.0535 g/ml. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.94.104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.0036 g/cm2 respectively. Cadmium (II) forms M:L (I:I) color complex with DMAHBH and stability constant of the complex was found to be 8.58.107. Soil samples were analyzed for the determination of Cadmium (II) present, using the proposed method. This developed method was applied for the determination of Cadmium (II) in soil and cigarette samples and good analytical results.
Diacetylmonoxime-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (DMAHBH) is used as a novel chromogenic organic reagent for the determination of Cadmium (II) with spectrophotometer. The novel chromogenic organic reagent - diacetylmonoxime-3-amino-4-hydroxy benzoyl hydrazone (DMAHBH) gave yellow colored water soluble complex with Cd (II) in buffer (pH = 8.0-9.0) medium. The color complex shows maximum absorbance at λ = 378 nm. The system obeyed Beer’s law in the concentration range of 0.5035-5.0535 g/ml. The optimum Cadmium (II) concentration range for accurate determination as evaluated from Ringbom plot was 0.5035-5.0535 g/ml. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity were 2.94.104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and 0.0036 g/cm2 respectively. Cadmium (II) forms M:L (I:I) color complex with DMAHBH and stability constant of the complex was found to be 8.58.107. Soil samples were analyzed for the determination of Cadmium (II) present, using the proposed method. This developed method was applied for the determination of Cadmium (II) in soil and cigarette samples and good analytical results.
Number of views: 2642 Download in PDF
ZnS Films: Thermodynamic Justification of Possibility for Hydrochemical Precipitation, Synthesis, Microstructure, and Morphology
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 112-120.
Number of views: 2491 Download in PDF
5. Mostafa Mohammadi Shalmani, Farshad FarahbodEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 112-120.
Abstract:
The analysis of the thermodynamic equlibria in the «Zn2+ – NH3 – OH−» systems has been carried out; boundary conditions and formations area for ZnS and associated impurity phases of Zn(OH)2 и ZnCN2 have been determined. The nanocrystalline films of zinc sulfide with a thickness of 200-240 nm have been synthesized. The X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersion analysis have been applied for attestation of the structural condition for the zinc sulfide thin films. The effect of the zinc salt nature on the morphology, composition, and structure of the synthesized ZnS layers has been established.
The analysis of the thermodynamic equlibria in the «Zn2+ – NH3 – OH−» systems has been carried out; boundary conditions and formations area for ZnS and associated impurity phases of Zn(OH)2 и ZnCN2 have been determined. The nanocrystalline films of zinc sulfide with a thickness of 200-240 nm have been synthesized. The X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersion analysis have been applied for attestation of the structural condition for the zinc sulfide thin films. The effect of the zinc salt nature on the morphology, composition, and structure of the synthesized ZnS layers has been established.
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Investigation of Sulfur Removal from Drilling Fluid
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 121-125.
Number of views: 2442 Download in PDF
6. H.A. Shindy, M.M. Goma, N.A. HarbEuropean Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 121-125.
Abstract:
The sulfur removal from drilling fluid for prevention from corrosion was studied, specially. ZnO nanoparticles are proposed as the coagulant. Turbidity of supernatant, the pH stability, settling time, the effect of auxiliary coagulants such as FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3 and Al2(SO4)3 on the treatment process are reported in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential is utilized to investigate the pH values related to the stable suspension. The optimum value of initial pH=8, final pH=9, amount of turbidity= 6.5 NTU is obtained after 15 days of the settling time, if the 15 g/l ZnO is used with 450 cc NaOH and Na2CO3 are used in coagulation process. Lowest zeta potential is 2 with using 15 g/l ZnO at the initial pH=9.5. The sulphur removal percentage is about 97% in this condition.
The sulfur removal from drilling fluid for prevention from corrosion was studied, specially. ZnO nanoparticles are proposed as the coagulant. Turbidity of supernatant, the pH stability, settling time, the effect of auxiliary coagulants such as FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3 and Al2(SO4)3 on the treatment process are reported in this work. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential is utilized to investigate the pH values related to the stable suspension. The optimum value of initial pH=8, final pH=9, amount of turbidity= 6.5 NTU is obtained after 15 days of the settling time, if the 15 g/l ZnO is used with 450 cc NaOH and Na2CO3 are used in coagulation process. Lowest zeta potential is 2 with using 15 g/l ZnO at the initial pH=9.5. The sulphur removal percentage is about 97% in this condition.
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Synthesis, Structure/Spectra Correlation and Chromism Studies of some Novel Monomethine and bis-Monomethine Cyanine Dyes
European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 126-140.
Number of views: 2321 Download in PDF
7. European Reviews of Chemical Research, 2015, Vol.(4), Is. 2, pp. 126-140.
Abstract:
Novel methine cyanine dyes, covering monomethine and bis-monomethine cyanine dyes having the nucleus of benzo-[2,3-b;2',3'-b']-bis-furo-[2,3-d]-imidazoline-3,5,8,10-tetra were synthesized and their structure was investigated. The electronic visible absorption spectra of all the synthesized cyanine dyes were examined in 95% ethanol solution. Solvatochromism and/or halochromism for some selected dyes were investigated in pure solvents owing different polarities (water, dimethylformamide, ethanol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and dioxane) and/or in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values (1.45; 2.03; 3.72; 5.09; 7.57; 8.91; 10.20 and 12.04 units), respectively. The structural determination was carried out through the elemental analysis, visible electronic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, IR, and 1H NMR spectral data.
Novel methine cyanine dyes, covering monomethine and bis-monomethine cyanine dyes having the nucleus of benzo-[2,3-b;2',3'-b']-bis-furo-[2,3-d]-imidazoline-3,5,8,10-tetra were synthesized and their structure was investigated. The electronic visible absorption spectra of all the synthesized cyanine dyes were examined in 95% ethanol solution. Solvatochromism and/or halochromism for some selected dyes were investigated in pure solvents owing different polarities (water, dimethylformamide, ethanol, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and dioxane) and/or in aqueous universal buffer solutions having varied pH values (1.45; 2.03; 3.72; 5.09; 7.57; 8.91; 10.20 and 12.04 units), respectively. The structural determination was carried out through the elemental analysis, visible electronic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, IR, and 1H NMR spectral data.
Number of views: 2321 Download in PDF